| Q1. |
What are the fuels used in boilers?
Coal, oil and fuel gas. |
| Q2. |
What are the types of boilers used?
Power boilers, industrial boilers. |
| Q3. |
What are the Balance of plant (BOP) in a power station?
Coal handling, ash handling, auxiliary piping, cooling water plant, Chemical treatment plantlet.
|
| Q4. |
What is a buckstay?
Buckstay is a product used to avoid bucking of the slim water walls and steam cooled walls. |
| Q5. |
What is a de-super heater?
De-super heater reduces the temperature of the super-heated steam. |
| Q6. |
What is a de-aerator?
De-aerator is a product used to remove oxygen and other gases from the water. |
| Q7. |
What is a burner?
Burner is used to burn solid or liquid or gaseous fuels. |
| Q8. |
What is a water wall?
Water wall is made of series of tubes connected with each other. Water flows inside the tubes.
|
| Q9. |
What is a steam cooled wall?
Steam cooled wall is made of tubes connected with each other. Steam flows inside these tubes. |
| Q10. |
What are the types of air-heaters?
Air-heaters can be rotary type or stationery type. |
| Q11. |
Why ash collection devices are used?
Ash collection devices are used to reduce pollution. |
| Q12. |
What are the types of ash collection devices?
Mechanical precipitation and Electro-static precipitation are the two types used.
|
| Q13. |
What are soot blowers?
Soot blowers are used to clean the heat transfer surfaces of boiler. |
| Q14. |
What are the mediums used for soot blowing?
Air blowing or steam blowing are the two methods used. |
| Q15. |
What are the types of soot blowers?
Wall blowers and long retractable blowers are used. |
| Q16. |
What are the type of heat transfer surfaces used?
Plain surfaces and finned surfaces are for heat transfer. |
| Q17. |
What is the function of the economizer?
Economizer economizes the power plant operation. |
| Q18. |
What are the functions of steam drum?
(a) steam separation, (b) steam-water circulation and (c) purifying steam. |
| Q19. |
What is the function of super-heater?
Super-heater is used to super heat the steam and get higher thermal Efficiency of the plant. |
| Q20. |
Why large boilers are top supported?
(a) avoid buckling of furnace walls, (b) allow thermal expansion and (c) reduce thermal loads.
|
| Q21. |
Why steel structures (avoiding concrete) are used for boiler structures?
Steel structures are used are used for speeding - up the construction schedule and facilitate changes. |
| Q22. |
What is aviation light?
Aviation lights are used in tall buildings to warn aero-planes against Collision and accident. |
| Q23. |
What is lightning arrestor?
Lightning arrestors receive the electrical current during lightning and Save the structure. |
| Q24. |
What is wind load?
Movement of air is wind. The wind load for India is given in IS875 part 3. |
| Q25. |
What is seismic load?
Seismic load, also known as earth-quake load, is due to movement of Earth. (see IS1893). |
| Q26. |
What is the allowable deflection?
The allowable deflection was set as one inch per ten yards. As per IS800 - 1984, D = span / 325. |
| Q27. |
What is resonance?
When the natural frequency and the induced frequency matches Resonance takes place. |
| Q28. |
Why resonance should be avoided?
During resonance, high vibration and stress will occur. Hence, resonance Should be avoided. |
| Q29. |
What is the life of a power plant?
Life of the power plant is about 50 years. But, many components need Replacement and repair. |
| Q30. |
What is safety requirement for boiler, in India?
The Indian Boiler Regulations, 1950 (with amendments). |
| Q31. |
What are the materials used for boiler pressure parts?
Carbon steel, low alloy steel, medium alloy steel and stainless steel. |
| Q32. |
What are the materials used for boiler structures?
Mild steel as per IS2062 is used. For fasteners, IS1367 is used. |
| Q33. |
What is the material used for boiler insulation?
Slag wool, mineral wool and glass wool are used. |
| Q34. |
What is the material used for boiler foundation?
Reinforced Cement Concrete (RCC) with a specification "M20" is used. |
| Q35. |
What are the types of bolted connections used for boiler structures?
Bearing type connection and Friction type connections are used. Bearing type is popularly used. |
| Q36. |
What is a shear key?
Shear key are flat plates welded at the bottom of the structure base plates to transfer shear forces. |
| Q37. |
What are the types of chimneys?
Rcc chimney and steel chimney are used. |
| Q38. |
What are the types of steel chimneys?
Self supporting type and guyed chimney are used. |
| Q39. |
Why conical chimneys are preferred?
Conical chimneys are economical. |
| Q40. |
What is the corrosion allowance used for steel chimney?
Corrosion allowance = 3.0 mm (typical). |
| Q41. |
Which boiler code is governing in India?
The Indian Boiler Regulations, 1950 (with amendments)is governing in India. |
| Q42. |
Who is the authorized inspector in India?
The Chief Inspector of Boiler (CIB) is the authorized inspector for the Respective states. |
| Q43. |
Which body is empowered to amend The Indian Boiler Regulation?
The Central Boiler Board (CBB) is authorized to amend the IBR. |
| Q44. |
Why steel is used for boiler pressure parts?
The cost to weight ratio is favorable for steel. Hence, steel is used. |
| Q45. |
What is the purpose of refractory?
Refractory is provided where the flue gas temperature is high (above 800 Degree C). |
| Q46. |
What is the purpose of refractory retainers?
Retainers are embed within the refractory and they retain the refractory to the surfaces. |
| Q47. |
What are the steps in design?
Design, engineering, process analysis, stress analysis, detailing, drafting, Documentation and document approval. |
| Q48. |
What are the aspects to be taken care-off in design?
Head-room, walk-way, access, approach, clash detection, clash resolution and interfacing. |
| Q49. |
What are the software's used in design office?
MS Windows, MS Office, STAAD. Pro, CAEPIPIE, CAESAR - II. |
| Q50. |
What are the hardware required in design office?
Computer with accessories, Un-interrupted power supply (UPS), Xerox machine, FAX. |
| Q51. |
What software are used for piping stress analysis?
CAEPIPE and CAESAR - II. |
| Q52. |
What are the plant design computer programs used?
CATIA, Plant Design System (PDS), Plant Design Management System (PDMS). |
| Q53. |
What are the Finite Element Analysis (FEA) software available?
ANSYS, COSMOS, ABACUS and NASTRAN. |
| Q54. |
What is the head room required?
Head room required = 1.800 mm. |
| Q55. |
What is the walk- way width required?
Walk-way width required = 900 mm. |
| Q56. |
What is the load per unit area on the boiler floors?
Load per square meter = 500 kg. |
| Q57. |
What is the allowable deflection due to loads?
Allowable deflection = " Span / 325 ". |
| Q58. |
What is the allowable drift?
Allowable drift = " Height / 325 ". |
| Q59. |
Why stress concentration factor (SCF) is not considered in boiler design?
The boiler materials are ductile steel. The stress, after yielding, Re-distributes favorably. |
| Q60. |
What is virtual zero point?
Large top supported boilers expand cubically with respect to a virtual Zero point near the top. |
| Q61. |
What is floating anchor?
Floating anchors are anchors with thermal expansion movements. |
| Q62. |
What is buckstay channel?
Buckstay channel is used to support the furnace walls and helps in transfer of loads. |
| Q63. |
What is furnace guide?
Furnace guides fix the virtual zero point. This is used to transfer load From hot structure to cold structure. l am-water mixture. |
| Q64. |
List the drum internals
Turbo-separator or cyclone separator, pipes for vents, drains ad chemical dosing. |
| Q65. |
What is the purpose of a header?
Header collects or distributes steam or water or steam-water mixture. |
| Q66. |
State ideal gas law.
PV = m R T. |
| Q67. |
State zoreth law of thermodynamics.
If systems A and B are in equilibrium with system C, then systems A and B Are in equilibrium. |
| Q68. |
State the First law of thermodynamics.
In an isolated system, the energy is always conserved. |
| Q69. |
State the Second law of thermodynamics.
A system has to deliver heat with a sink while pumping heat from a lower Source to a higher source. |
| Q70. |
State First law of Newton
A body will be in its state of rest or steady motion along a straight line Unless acted upon by external force. |
| Q71. |
State Second law of Newton.
The rate of change of momentum is equal to force. |
| Q72. |
State Third law of Newton.
For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. |
| Q73. |
State Newtons universal law of gravitation.
All bodies attract each other. The force of attraction is inversely proportional to the square of distance of separation. |
| Q74. |
What are the types of pollution?
Solid pollution, liquid pollution, air pollution and noise pollution. |
| Q75. |
What is the causes of air pollution?
The main causes of air pollution are power plants and automobiles. |
| Q76. |
Why Reinforced Cement Concrete (RCC) is used?
RCC is labor intensive and economical in India. |
| Q77. |
What is pre-stressed concrete?
Pre-stressing with steel rods in the RCC is pre-stressed concrete. |
| Q78. |
What is the function of foundation bolts?
Foundation bolts holds-down the structure to earth. |
| Q79. |
What is Flue Gas De-sulfurisation (FGD)?
FGD is used to remove sulfur and sulfur compounds from the flue gas. |
| Q80. |
Name a few structural elements (members).
Column, beam and bracing. |
| Q81. |
What is the design criteria for column?
Axial compressive load. |
| Q82. |
What is the design criteria for beam?
Beams are designed to withstand bending. |
| Q83. |
What is the design criteria for bracing?
Axial tension or axial compression. |
| Q84. |
What is the function of base plate?
Base plate distributes forces from the columns and bracings to the foundation. |
| Q85. |
What are the types structural steel connections?
Bolted or welded or riveted or bonded connections. |
| Q86. |
What is the minimum thickness of structures to be used?
Six millimeter. |
| Q87. |
Where hand hole plates are used?
Hand hole plates are used in the boiler pressure parts to view and clean the inside surfaces. |
| Q88. |
Where man-hole ways are used?
Man-hole ways are used to access the boiler inner parts. |
| Q89. |
What is the function of boiler drum level gages?
Level gages are used for finding the water level inside the boiler drums. |
| Q90. |
What are thermo-couples?
Thermo-couples are used to measure the temperature of components. |
| Q91. |
What is flow nozzle?
Flow nozzle is used to find-out the quantity of flow measurement. |
| Q92. |
What is an orifice?
Orifice is a sharp opening in a plate to facilitate flow measurement. |
| Q93. |
What is a venture?
Venturi is used measure the flow in a pipe. |
| Q94. |
What is a valve?
Valves are used control flow in pipes. |
| Q95. |
What is DAS?
Data Acquisition System (DAS) is used record readings. |
| Q96. |
What is VLH?
Variable Load Hangers (CLH) are used for support, permiting limited Support load variation. |
| Q97. |
What is CLH?
Constant Load Hangers(CLH) are used for support,permitting small load variations. |
| Q98. |
Why water quality is control of in boilers?
Water quality is controlled to avoid corrosion of boiler parts. |
| Q99. |
Why paints are required?
Paints are required to protect the surface of boiler. |
| Q100. |
Why rockers are used for boiler hanger supports?
Rockers reduce the induced bending load. This leads to economic design. |
